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The Complex Factors that Influence Drug Prices

Pharmaceutical companies typically use a variety of factors to determine the price of their drugs, including: Development and production costs: Pharmaceutical companies invest significant amounts of money into the research, development, and production of new drugs. The cost of these activities, including clinical trials and obtaining regulatory approval, is factored into the price of the drug. Marketing and Distribution Cost: Marketing and distribution costs may also be considered by pharmaceutical companies when determining drug prices. These costs include expenses related to advertising, sales representatives, and distribution networks. Drug Uniqueness: If a drug is the first of its kind or represents a significant improvement over existing treatments, the pharmaceutical company may set a higher price for it. If a drug has many competitors or is like existing treatments, the company may have to set a lower price to remain competitive. Market demand: Companies also consider the dem
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Section wise area required and machinery required for Cosmetic manufacturing unit:

Read: Licenses and requirements for starting cosmetic manufacturing unit

The following equipment, area and other requirements are recommended for the manufacture of: −

Powders: Face powder, cake make-up, compacts, face packs, masks and rouges, etc.
  • Powder mixer of suitable type provided with a dust collector. (b) Perfume and colour blender.
  • Sifter with sieves of suitable mesh size. (d) Ball mill or suitable grinder.
  • Trays and scoops (stainless steel).
  • Filling and sealing equipment provided with dust extractor.
  • For compacts: - (i) a separate mixer, (ii) compact pressing machine.
  • Weighing and measuring devices
  • Storage tanks.
An area of 15 square meters is recommended. The section is to be provided with adequate exhaust fans.

Cream and Ointments: Creams, lotions, emulsions, pastes, cleansing milks, shampoos, pomade, brilliantine, shaving creams and hair-oils etc.
  • Mixing and storage tanks of suitable materials.
  • Heating kettle – steam, gas or electrically heated.
  • Suitable agitator.
  • Colloidal mill or homogeniser (wherever necessary).
  • Triple roller mill (wherever necessary).
  • Filling and sealing equipment.
  • Weighing and measuring devices.
An area of 25 square meters is recommended.

Nail Polishes and Nail lacquers:
  • A suitable mixer
  • Storage tanks
  • Filling machine – hand operated or power driven
  • Weighing and Measuring devices
An area of 15 square meters is recommended. The section shall be provided with flameproof exhaust system.

Lipsticks and Lip-gloss, etc.
  • Vertical mixer
  • Jacketted kettle – steam, gas or electrically heated
  • Mixing vessel (stainless steel).
  • Triple roller mill/Ball mill.
  • Moulds with refrigeration facility
  • Weighing and measuring devices
An area of 15 square meters is recommended.

Depilatories:
  • Mixing tanks
  • Mixer
  • Triple roller mill or homogeniser (where necessary)
  • Filling and sealing equipment.
  • Weighing and measuring devices
  • Moulds (where necessary)
An area of 10 square meters is recommended.

Preparations used for Eyes: 

Such preparations shall be manufactured under strict hygienic conditions to ensure that these are safe for use.

1. Eyebrows, Eyelashes, Eyeliners, etc.
  • Mixing tanks.
  • A suitable mixer.
  • Homogeniser (where necessary)
  • Filling and sealing equipment.
  • Weighing and measuring devices.
An area of 10 square meters is recommended.

2. Kajal and Surma
  • Base sterilizer.
  • Powder sterilizer (dry heat oven)
  • Stainless steel tanks.
  • A suitable Mixer.
  • Stainless steel sieves.
  • Filling and sealing arrangements
  • Weighing and measuring devices
  • Homogeniser (where necessary)
  • Pestle and Mortar (for Surma)
An area of 10 square meters with a separate area of 5 square meters for base sterilization is recommended.

Other requirements for 1 and 2:
  • False ceiling shall be provided wherever required.
  • Manufacturing area shall be made fly proof. An airlock or an aircurtain shall be provided.
  • Base used for Kajal shall be sterilized by heating the base at 150 degree C for required time in a separate enclosed area.
  • The vegetable carbon black powder shall be sterilized in a drying oven at 120 degree C for required time.
  • All utensils used for manufacture shall be of stainless steel and shall be washed with detergent water, antiseptic liquid and again with distilled water.
  • Containers employed for ‗Kajal‘ shall be cleaned properly with bactericidal solution and dried.
  • Workers shall put on clean overalls and use hand gloves wherever necessary

Aerosol:
  • Air-compressor (wherever necessary)
  • Mixing tanks
  • Suitable propellant filling and crimping equipments
  • Liquid filling unit
  • Leak testing equipment
  • Fire extinguisher (wherever necessary)
  • Suitable filtration equipment
  • Weighing and measuring devices
An area of 15 square meters is recommended.

Alcoholic Fragrance Solutions:
  • Mixing tanks with stirrer
  • Filtering equipment.
  • Filling and sealing equipment.
  • Weighing and measuring devices.
An area of 15 square meters is recommended.

Hair Dyes:
  • Stainless steel tanks
  • Mixer.
  • Filling Unit.
  • Weighing and measuring devices
  • Masks, gloves and goggles
An area of 15 square meters with proper exhaust is recommended.

Tooth powders and toothpastes, etc:

1. Tooth-powder in General:
  • Weighing and measuring devices
  • Dry mixer (powder blender)
  • Stainless steel sieves.
  • Powder filling and sealing equipments
An area of 15 square meters with proper exhaust is recommended.

2. Toothpastes:
  • Weighing and measuring devices.
  • Kettle – steam, gas or electrically heated (where necessary). (c) Planetary mixer with de-aerator system.
  • Stainless steel tanks
  • Tube filling equipment
  • Crimping machine.
An additional area of 15 square meters with proper exhaust is recommended.

3. Tooth-powder (Black) Equipment:
  • Weighing and measuring devices
  • Dry mixer powder blender
  • Stainless steel sieves
  • Powder filling arrangements
An area of 15 square meters with proper exhaust is recommended. Areas for manufacturing ―Black‖ and ―White‖ tooth powders should be separate

Toilet Soaps:
  • Kettles/pans for saponification
  • Boiler or any other suitable heating arrangement
  • Suitable stirring arrangement
  • Storage tanks or trays
  • Driers
  • Amalgamator/chipping machine
  • Mixer
  • Triple roller mill
  • Granulator
  • Plodder
  • Cutter.
  • Pressing, stamping and embossing machine.
  • Weighing and measuring devices
A minimum area of 100 square meters is recommended for the small-scale manufacture of toilet soaps.

Read Related:

How to start Medical Store in India?
How to start distribution business in Pharmaceutical Sector?
Steps for starting Pharmaceutical manufacturing company.
21 steps involved in start Pharmaceutical Marketing Company.
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